Each country’s educational system is the result of a singular history, sometimes including a break with the past. Such was the case, for example, in various countries of the former Soviet bloc, which completely revamped their educational systems in the 1990s. An educational system is the reflection and vector par excellence of transmitting a nation’s culture and values; the place for defining the major goals of education and the resources for achieving them (educational programmes). With greater or lesser degrees of inertia, the evolutions of a educational system reflect the major changes in society and the production apparatus (by orienting existing programmes and organising streams).
